The National Guard

The United States National Guard, one of the oldest components of the armed forces of the United States, has a history that is deeply rooted in the early colonial period of America. The official founding date of the National Guard is December 13, 1636, a date that marks the organization of the Massachusetts Bay Colony’s militia. This event is significant as it laid the groundwork for what would eventually become the National Guard.

In the 17th century, the American colonies were a patchwork of settlements, often isolated and vulnerable to threats. The relationship between European settlers and Native American tribes varied, but tensions and conflicts were common. The Pequot War, which took place between 1636 and 1638, was one of these early conflicts. It involved fierce battles between the Pequot tribe and an alliance of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies, aided by their Native American allies.

Recognizing the need for a coordinated defense, the Massachusetts Bay Colony’s General Court, in Salem, issued an order on December 13, 1636. This order required all able-bodied men between the ages of 16 and 60 to join the militia. They were expected to be ready at a moment’s notice to defend the colony. This militia was the colony’s only form of defense as there was no standing army or navy at that time.

The militia played a crucial role in the colony’s defense, particularly during the Pequot War. The war was sparked by competition over trade with the Dutch in New Netherland and the English in New England and escalated due to misunderstandings and retaliatory acts on both sides. The militias of Massachusetts and its neighboring colonies were instrumental in confronting the Pequot threat.

The Massachusetts militia of 1636 is considered the direct ancestor of today’s National Guard. Over the centuries, the concept of a citizen militia evolved. During the Revolutionary War, these militias played a significant role, and their legacy continued through various conflicts, including the Civil War, World Wars I and II, and more recent engagements.

Today, the National Guard serves both community and country. It provides trained units to the states during emergencies, such as natural disasters, and to the federal government in times of national security needs. The dual role of the Guard, serving both state and federal governments, is a direct descendant of the early militia system established in Massachusetts.

The founding of the Massachusetts militia on December 13, 1636, is more than just a historical date. It marks the beginning of a continuous link from the early colonial defenses to the modern National Guard. This organization’s evolution reflects the changing needs and challenges of the nation, maintaining its roots in community service and national defense. The anniversary of this founding is celebrated every year as the National Guard’s birthday, a tribute to its enduring legacy and vital role in American history.